from an early liturgical codex, fragments reused on the binding of several volumes of Claudius Galenus, Operum Omnium (Venice: Johannes de Farris, 1541-45), from a manuscript in Latin, on parchment [probably northern France, first decades of ninth century, or perhaps last decades of eighth century] A number of cuttings (4 visible), each approximately 60 by 33mm. used between central sewing stations as spine supports (endbands apparently using blank edges of same leaves), on a series of 8 volumes of printed texts, 2 volumes with perished outer leather of spines revealing manuscript fragments with up to 6 lines of 2 sizes of early Carolingian minuscule with pronounced clubbing to ascenders, a short t whose top bar joins to the next letter and a pronounced ct-ligature, one faded red rubric, the introit [Sal]us populi ego sum d[icit dominus] … identifiable in smaller script, another letter or so from cuttings from same manuscript visible through wear in bindings of other volumes, 2 further volumes with all binding material along spines missing, so some 12 possible places in undamaged bindings where further cuttings might be hidden, all with stains and scuffs, but legible The hand here shows the influence of Carolingian minuscule, the script perfected during the life of Charlemagne, but retains older letter forms which suggest a date early during the dissemination of that script across Europe. Affordable examples of such early script are rare to the market.